diff --git a/src/vm.cpp b/src/vm.cpp
index 7f241ef..20ab3e8 100644
--- a/src/vm.cpp
+++ b/src/vm.cpp
@@ -12,12 +12,8 @@ inline int32_t sign_extend(int32_t value, int bits) {
   return (value ^ mask) - mask;
 }
 
-bool UART::is_transmitter_ready() {
-  return registers[UART_LSR] & LSR_TRANSMITTER_EMPTY;
-}
-
 VM::VM(const std::vector<uint8_t>& memory, const std::string& file_path)
-    : memory_(memory), pc(PROGRAM_ADDR), file_path(file_path) {}
+    : ram(memory), pc(PROGRAM_ADDR), file_path(file_path) {}
 
 void VM::setreg(int regnum, uint32_t value) {
   if (regnum == 0) {
@@ -27,6 +23,22 @@ void VM::setreg(int regnum, uint32_t value) {
   registers[regnum] = value;
 }
 
+void Device::write_mem(uint8_t* src, size_t addr, size_t size) {
+  if (addr < base_addr || addr + size > base_addr + mem_size) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Memory access out of bounds");
+  }
+  addr -= base_addr;
+  std::memcpy(&mem[addr], src, size);
+}
+
+void Device::read_mem(uint8_t* dst, size_t addr, size_t size) {
+  if (addr < base_addr || addr + size > base_addr + mem_size) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Memory access out of bounds");
+  }
+  addr -= base_addr;
+  std::memcpy(dst, &mem[addr], size);
+}
+
 void UART::read_mem(uint8_t* dst, size_t addr, size_t size) {
   if (addr < UART_ADDR || addr + size > UART_ADDR + 8) {
     throw std::runtime_error("Memory access out of bounds");
@@ -59,22 +71,13 @@ void UART::write_mem(uint8_t* src, size_t addr, size_t size) {
 
 void VM::read_mem(uint8_t* dst, size_t addr, size_t size) {
   if (addr >= PROGRAM_ADDR) {
-    addr -= PROGRAM_ADDR;
-    if (addr + size > memory_.size()) {
-      throw std::runtime_error("Memory access out of bounds");
-    }
-    std::memcpy(dst, &memory_[addr], size);
+    ram.read_mem(dst, addr, size);
   }
 }
 
 void VM::write_mem(uint8_t* src, size_t addr, size_t size) {
   if (addr >= PROGRAM_ADDR) {
-    addr -= PROGRAM_ADDR;
-    if (addr + size > memory_.size()) {
-      throw std::runtime_error("Memory access out of bounds");
-    }
-    std::memcpy(&memory_[addr], src, size);
-    return;
+    ram.write_mem(src, addr, size);
   }
 
   if (is_mmap(addr, size)) {
@@ -128,7 +131,8 @@ const std::string& VM::get_file_path() { return file_path; }
 
 void VM::step() {
   if (pc < PROGRAM_ADDR) throw std::runtime_error("PC out of range");
-  uint32_t instr = *(uint32_t*)&memory_[pc - PROGRAM_ADDR];
+  uint32_t instr;
+  read_mem((uint8_t*)&instr, pc, 4);
   // std::cout << "pc: " << std::hex << pc << std::dec << "\n";
   // std::cout << "instr: " << std::hex << instr << "\n";
   pc += 4;
diff --git a/src/vm.hpp b/src/vm.hpp
index 324192b..ede64a0 100644
--- a/src/vm.hpp
+++ b/src/vm.hpp
@@ -12,12 +12,30 @@ const int NUM_REGISTERS = 32;  // Standard RISC-V has 32 registers
 const uint32_t UART_ADDR = 0x10000000;
 const uint32_t PROGRAM_ADDR = 0x80000000;
 
-class UART {
+class Device {
  public:
-  bool is_transmitter_ready();
+  Device(uint32_t base_addr, uint32_t mem_size)
+      : base_addr(base_addr), mem_size(mem_size), mem(mem_size, 0) {}
+  Device(uint32_t base_addr, const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory)
+      : base_addr(base_addr), mem_size(memory.size()), mem(memory) {}
 
-  void write_mem(uint8_t *src, size_t addr, size_t size);
-  void read_mem(uint8_t *dst, size_t addr, size_t size);
+  virtual ~Device() = default;
+
+  virtual void write_mem(uint8_t *src, size_t addr, size_t size);
+  virtual void read_mem(uint8_t *dst, size_t addr, size_t size);
+
+ private:
+  uint32_t base_addr = 0;
+  uint32_t mem_size = 0;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> mem;
+};
+
+class UART : public Device {
+ public:
+  UART() : Device(UART_ADDR, 8) {}
+
+  virtual void write_mem(uint8_t *src, size_t addr, size_t size);
+  virtual void read_mem(uint8_t *dst, size_t addr, size_t size);
 
  private:
   enum Registers {
@@ -28,8 +46,11 @@ class UART {
 
   // Line Status Register bits
   enum LSRBits { LSR_TRANSMITTER_EMPTY = 0x20 };
+};
 
-  uint8_t registers[8] = {0};
+class RAM : public Device {
+ public:
+  RAM(const std::vector<uint8_t> &memory) : Device(PROGRAM_ADDR, memory) {}
 };
 
 class VM {
@@ -53,7 +74,7 @@ class VM {
   void setreg(int regnum, uint32_t value);
 
  private:
-  std::vector<uint8_t> memory_;
+  RAM ram;
 
   uint32_t registers[NUM_REGISTERS] = {0};
   uint32_t pc = 0;